latest articles
Antithrombin deficiency with portal vein and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis—a case report
by Saidin
N., I., S.,
Jamallodin
F., B.,
Hassan
M., N.,
Iberahim
S.,
Abdullah
A., H.,
Zahidin
M., A.,
Zulkafli
Z.,
Noor
N. H. M.
Summary: A deficiency in antithrombin (AT) can be hereditary or acquired. It is characterized by an AT activity level that is less than 80% of normal or the lower limit of the reference range on a regular basis. In some cases, AT deficiency has been linked to an increased risk of thromboembolism.
microRNA-9-5p and its target nuclear factor kappa B are differentially expressed in type-2 diabetes patients
by Narayan
R., N.,
Kizhakke Parambath
A.,
Puthiya Purayil
A., S.,
Sekar
D.
Summary: According to various studies, type II diabetes (T2D), a serious metabolic disease marked by insulin resistance with disrupted glucose homeostasis, affects millions of people worldwide and may reach 552 million cases by 2030. Recent studies highlighted the key role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in various cellular processes related to disease development. Moreover, studies have indicated increased concentrations of miR-9-5p in T2D individuals, thereby suggesting a possible role for miR-9-5p in influencing the regulation of glucose metabolism. Hence, the current study aims to focus on miR-9-5p and its target nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB1) in T2D by utilizing publicly available genome sequences to point out their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
Different concentrations of nivolumab reduce PD-1 expression but not tumour growth in an EMT6 mouse model
by Sham
N., F., R.,
Hasbullah
H., H.,
Hasani
N., A., H.,
Hasan
N.,
Othman
S.,
Osman
N., J.,
Karim
M., K., A.,
Fuad
S., B., S., A.,
Ibahim
M. J.
Summary: The interaction between the T cell immune checkpoint proteins, the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor, and its ligand PD-L1 plays a crucial role in T cell suppression and the evasion of cancer cells from immune detection, thereby promoting tumour growth. Nivolumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, disrupts this interaction, offering a potential therapeutic anti-cancer strategy. The goals of this study were to identify the optimal dosage of nivolumab that effectively decreases PD-1 protein expression in a mouse model, and to examine the impact on tumour growth.
A case report of corneal abscess caused by Nocardia farcinica
by Mai
L.,
Tho
V., N., A.,
Van
D., T., T.,
Phu
T. T.
Summary: Keratitis caused by Nocardia, a Gram-positive bacterium prevalent in soil, is an infrequent ocular infection typically following corneal trauma or exposure to soil or vegetation. Nocardia farcinica, in particular, is an exceedingly rare causative agent of keratitis, with few documented cases worldwide and none previously reported in Vietnam.
First report of chronic portal vein thrombosis successfully managed with splenectomy and long-term direct oral anticoagulants
by Huynh
T., M.,
Nguyen
S., T.,
Lam
N., T.,
Pham
A., L.,
Nguyen
S. V.
Summary: We report a rare case of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) secondary to idiopathic hypercoagulability leading to non-cirrhotic portal hypertension and cavernous transformation. The patient had a history of acute PVT and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, which was initially managed successfully with anticoagulation therapy. However, the discontinuation of treatment precipitated a transition to chronic PVT and subsequent cavernous transformation. This condition manifested clinically as esophageal and gastric varices, posing a significant bleeding risk. Attempts to mitigate portal hypertension through medical management and endoscopic interventions had limited success. The anatomical complexities presented an insurmountable challenge to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement, and thus alternative treatment strategies were considered. A splenectomy markedly improved the patient's condition. Over a 2-year follow-up period, with the aid of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), the patient remained stable; further endoscopic procedures were not required, and the patient did not experience a recurrence of thromboembolic or hemorrhagic events. This case underscores the complexity of PVT management and highlights the need for individualized treatment approaches in the face of anatomical and therapeutic challenges.
Polarity-specific changes in the E-field and focality in mild cognitive impairment patients for HD-tDCS and reverse HD-tDCS
by Pancholi
U.,
Dave
V.
Summary: This study analyzed polarity-specific changes in the electric field (E-field) and the focal point of tDCS stimulation for both High-Definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) and reverse HD-tDCS considering the head geometry of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients. The distance between the left preauricular (LPA) and right preauricular points as well as the inion and nasion were calculated in 3D to measure correlations.
Evaluation of the success of fetoscopic laser coagulation in placental vascular anastomoses and the role of fetal vascular Doppler before laser treatment in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
by Marsoosi
V.,
Mansouri
N.,
Azizi
A.,
Eslamian
L.,
Jamal
A.,
Naemi
M.,
Nurzade
M.,
Ariana
S.,
Sadeghi
M.
Summary: Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a critical prenatal complication in monochorionic diamniotic twins with a high risk of mortality and neurological sequelae if left untreated. Of the various therapeutic approaches, fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) has emerged as the predominant treatment modality worldwide. This study evaluates the outcomes and preoperative risks of TTTS treatment via FLS.
Immunoinformatics approach to Rift Valley fever virus vaccine design in ruminants
by Oladipo
E., K.,
Taiwo
O., R.,
Teniola
F., O.,
Temitope
A., P.,
Boluwatife
A., M.,
Oluwaseyi
O., I.,
Oladimeji
B., V.,
Taiwo
J., I.,
Adejumo
I. O.
Summary: Rift Valley fever (RVF) represents a significant public health challenge and economic burden due to its impact on livestock and potential to affect humans. Despite attempts to develop vaccines against the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), existing options are limited by concerns regarding the inability to differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals, vaccine-associated viremia, and the need for booster doses. This underscores the urgent need for a novel, effective, and safe vaccine, especially for use in ruminants, which this study seeks to address.
A mixture of secretions and extractions derived from antler stem cells heal open wounds in rats with a tendency to leave no scar
by Huynh
P.,
Cao
A.,
Le
T.,
Nguyen
S.,
Vu
N.
Summary: Deer antlers are remarkable organs as they can regenerate seasonally and leave no scars. Antler-derived stem cell therapy applications are of increasing interest in food, beauty, and medicine.
Unlocking Insights into Alloantibodies in Thalassemia: Findings from a Single-Center Study
by Rameli
N.,
Othman
R.,
Ruslan
M.,
Akbar
N.,
Zulkeflee
R.,
Rohim
R., A., A.,
Daud
A.,
Adzahar
S.
Summary: Thalassemia is a common inherited hemoglobin disorder in Malaysia. Regular transfusions of packed red cells are required to treat transfusion-dependent thalassemia. These transfusions, although lifesaving, may lead to complications such as red blood cell (RBC) alloantibody formation. This study aimed to determine the incidence of RBC alloantibodies in thalassemia patients who regularly received blood transfusions at our center.
Detection of clinically significant anti-IH antibodies in a para-Bombay patient during pregnancy
by Noor
N., H., M.,
Ibrahim
N., N.,
Hassan
M., N.,
Iberahim
S.,
Zulkafli
Z.,
Yusoff
S., M.,
Bahar
R.,
Ramli
M.,
Rahman
W., S., W., A.,
Abdullah
M.,
Hajar
C., G., N.,
Assyuhada
M., G., S., N.,
Cai
X., H.,
Edinur
H. A.
Summary: The para-Bombay blood phenotype is a rare blood group variant, with a limited number of cases reported worldwide.
Hyperleukocytosis: a unique cause of an unidentifiable hemoglobin A1c peak
by Razak
A., A., A.,
Ismail
T., S., T.,
Zulkeflee
R., H.,
Rahim
S., N., A.,
Zulkeflee
H., A.,
Nik
W. N. F. H. W.
Summary: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) serves as a crucial biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes. It can be measured via different methods. Interference during analysis can potentially arise from various factors, including rare occurrences such as hyperleukocytosis.
The diagnostic value of plasma gelsolin levels in sepsis: A mini review
by Abid
H.,
Jabbari
A.,
Al-Tameemi
H.
Summary: Sepsis remains a critical health concern with high mortality despite medical advances. Early diagnosis and risk stratification are vital to guide appropriate intervention and improve outcomes. Plasma gelsolin, an actin-binding protein that helps clear circulating filamentous actin, has emerged as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for sepsis. This review summarizes evidence on the usefulness of plasma gelsolin for these applications. Studies consistently show significantly decreased plasma gelsolin levels in septic humans and animal models compared to healthy controls. Reductions correlate with sepsis severity and development of multiorgan dysfunction. Plasma gelsolin demonstrates a potential to distinguish sepsis from non-infectious inflammation. It also aids in mortality prediction, with lower levels portending worse outcomes. One study found that sepsis non-survivors failed to recover depleted gelsolin levels over time, in contrast to survivors. The degree of gelsolin depletion is likely connected to the extent of cellular injury from sepsis, with consumption overwhelming plasma gelsolin’s actin-scavenging capacity. Resulting persistent circulation of actin filaments is posited to mediate organ damage. Though most studies are limited by small sample sizes, plasma gelsolin consistently correlates with clinical deterioration. Substantiating its prognostic utility could enable risk stratification to guide sepsis management. Demonstrating a mortality benefit of gelsolin replacement therapy could also spur the development of novel treatments. Further research on plasma gelsolin is warranted to ultimately improve outcomes of this common and deadly syndrome.
Comparison of Celecoxib and Gabapentin in Preventing Post-Cesarean Section Pain: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
by Gholami
H.,
Rashtchi
V.,
Arianpour
F.
Summary: Given the established effectiveness of gabapentin and NSAIDs in reducing postoperative pain and the paucity of comparative studies of gabapentin and NSAIDs for postoperative pain management, our current study was designed to assess and compare the effectiveness of celecoxib and gabapentin in preventing post-cesarean section pain.
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