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Effect of serum from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients on the induction of mononuclear cell (lymphocyte and monocyte) death and apoptosis
by Khamchun
S.,
Suangpho
K.,
Promma
N.
Summary: Apoptosis is one of the crucial processes related to pathogenesis and disease severity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous studies have reported changes in protein levels in the sera and plasma of SLE patients. The capacity of these serum molecules to induce the apoptosis of circulating cells remains unclear. The present study investigates the effect of SLE patients’ sera on the apoptosis of mononuclear cells and explores serum and plasma proteins related to apoptotic mechanisms.

A predictive model for the usable blastocyst based on the morphokinetic and morphologic parameters of day 3 embryos
by Thanh
P.,
Quang
L.,
Vy
P.,
Thuy
N.,
Vinh
D.
Summary: Transferring a single blastocyst with high implantation potential reduces the likelihood of a multiple pregnancy. However, blastocyst transfer requires long-term culture, increases laboratory work, and increases the risk of having no embryo for transfer. This study aimed to establish a predictive model for developing usable blastocysts based on the morphokinetic and morphologic features of day 3 embryos.

Association between anti-collagen type II autoantibodies and the acute rheumatoid arthritis phenotype in a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients
by Abed
H.,
Mahmood
H.,
Al-Osami
M.
Summary: This study aims to evaluate serum concentrations of anti-collagen type II (anti-CII) antibodies in Iraqi patients with a severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) phenotype and investigate the relationship between higher concentrations of anti-CII antibodies and higher levels of inflammation.

Study of the Association between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, other Inflammatory Markers, Metabolic Control Parameters, and Diabetic Foot Disease
by El Sewy
F., Z.,
Megalaa
M.,
Michael
N.,
Tadros
N.
Summary: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing in recent years. As such, early identification and management of its complications—especially diabetic foot disease (DFD)—is of great importance. Multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of DFD; in this study, we aimed to study the association between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), 1st hour erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and DFD.

Motif prediction of abemaciclib in a breast cancer cell line using ChIP-Seq data analysis
by Deep
U.,
Yadav
R.
Summary: Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) is a DNA sequencing technique for the identification of binding sites in genomic sequences. ChIP-Seq experiments are a combination of immunoprecipitation and sequencing techniques that are used for the identification of chromatin regions that bind molecules such as transcription factors (TFs), histones, and drugs. In this study, computational analysis of ChIP-Seq data was performed to predict the binding sites in breast cancer cells and their association with several molecules, such as TFs and drugs. A complete and comprehensive computational study has been performed to predict the binding sites of abemaciclib. Functional enrichment of selected motifs was performed to identify important motifs that function in breast cancer and show binding with the drug abemaciclib.

Orally Administered Fisetin Reduces the Symptoms of Acute Allergic Asthma in a Preclinical Mouse Model
by Mitra
S.,
Ghosh
N.,
Paul
P.,
Banerjee
E. R.
Summary: Asthma is a very common, non-communicable, chronic respiratory disease, with a high incidence rate worldwide. Currently, no permanent therapeutic strategies are available for the treatment of asthma. Drugs, such as corticosteroids, β2-agonists, and anticholinergics, only temporarily reduce symptoms and have various adverse effects. In this study, we investigated the use of fisetin, a readily available natural product found in fruits, such as strawberries and apples, to treat acute asthma in a preclinical mouse model.

Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for COVID-19 patients: long-term benefits for lung regeneration
by Vu
N.,
Pham
P.
Summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Currently, mortality due to COVID-19 is significantly reduced by vaccination, antiviral drugs, and some improved treatments. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation—particularly umbilical cord-derived MSC (UC-MSC)—has been used as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 with some clinical evidence (reviewed in the publication). Moreover, a recent piece published in eBiomedicine (part of The Lancet, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103789) in the previous month showed the long-term effects of UC-MSC transplantation in COVID-19 in a 1-year follow-up randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, demonstrating significantly recovered lung lesions and symptoms compared to the control group (i.e., without UC-MSC transplantation). In this commentary, we would like to discuss the value of UC-MSC transplantation for COVID-19 patients based on the results from this study and suggest applying this therapy for COVID-19 patients.

Predictive model for early complications of acute myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
by Koteliukh
M.,
Dorosh
O.
Summary: Early complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are one of the leading causes of death among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Clinical and laboratory characteristics and noninvasive methods need to be integrated to better identify early complications of AMI and further develop a treatment strategy. The aim of the study was to predict the development of early complications after AMI in type 2 DM patients, which could improve the quality of preventive and curative measures for this group of patients.

CAR-T-Cell Therapy: Present Progress and Future strategies
by Abbasi
M.,
Riaz
A.,
Khawar
M.,
Farooq
A.,
Majid
A.,
Sheikh
N.
Summary: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy that uses the patient's immune system. It creates cancer-killing T cells through genetic modification that targets tumor antigens. CAR consists of three fundamental units, the extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular domains. CARs are rapidly evolving with progress in the field of immunotherapy starting from first-generation CARs to next-generation CARs. Different cancer types, including B-cell malignancies, are being treated by CAR-T therapy. The FDA has approved two CAR-T therapies, namely, tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel. The recently approved CAR-T products are Lisocabtagene maraleucel and Idecabtagene vicleucel. Despite the success of CAR-T therapy, several limitations, including cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity, need to be overcome. In the present review, we have provided an overview of CAR generations, their applications, potential limitations, and possible solutions for improving CAR-T therapy for a variety of tumor types.

Lactoferrin Can Attenuate SARS-CoV-2: An Analysis of Evidential Relations
by Shafqat
F.,
Rehman
S.,
Niaz
K.
Summary: Lactoferrin (Lf ) has been shown to have antiviral action against a variety of animal and human viruses, particularly deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses. This review aims to summarize the pharmacological activities that lead to the influential role of Lf against SARS-CoV-2.

Euphorbia hirta as a gold mine of high-value phytochemicals: A comprehensive review of its pharmacological activities and possible role against SARS-CoV-2
by Khursheed
A.,
Jain
V.,
Wani
A. R.
Summary: Euphorbia hirta is a common medicinal plant in folk and traditional medicine systems. This plant has shown promising effects against several human ailments and infectious diseases. Therefore, it is important to summarize the medicinal activities and value of Euphorbia hirta. The main intent of this literature review was to summarize the phytochemical content and pharmacological applications of Euphorbia hirta. The literature review about the pharmacology and phytochemistry of Euphorbia hirta was collected from different global platforms, such as Scopus, ERIC, PubMed, and Web of Science. E. hirta has a rich phytochemistry and exhibits remarkable activity against respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal disorders and venereal diseases. Different extracts of this plant have shown significant preclinical anticancer propensity against an array of different cancer cell lines. It acts as a highly active antiviral agent and has shown pronounced activity against coxsackievirus, human immunodeficiency virus, dengue virus, poliovirus and simian immunodeficiency virus. A clinical study showed its inhibitory responses against flu and fever in dengue patients. Most importantly, the plant possesses remarkable inhibitory action on ACE, which aids SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. The multidimensional role of Euphorbia hirta as a potential antiviral agent suggests its possible application to control COVID-19 along with modern and Western medicinal strategies. In conclusion, the literature review regarding Euphorbia hirta showed its strong pharmacological applications, such as antimicrobial, antimalarial, anti-asthmatic, antioxidant, antiviral and anticancer activities. Further in-depth research is necessary to monitor its role in the management of viral diseases, especially COVID-19.

Pelvic venous insufficiency: Lipid peroxidation levels in ovarian venous blood
by Darenskaya
M.,
Stupin
D.,
Semendyaev
A.,
Kolesnikov
S.,
Shcherbatykh
A.,
Tolkachev
K.,
Kolesnikova
L.
Summary: Pelvic venous insufficiency (PVI) presents a significant clinical challenge due to its high prevalence, severity of clinical manifestations, and risk of resulting reproductive disorders. Data suggests that PVI progression in women is accompanied by nonspecific reaction changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate lipid peroxidation reaction activity and antioxidant defense mechanisms in ovarian venous blood in patients with various stages of PVI.

Association between Lipoprotein(a) Concentration and Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Vietnamese Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: An observational cohort study
by Hoang
S.,
Pham
Q., D., D.,
Nguyen
K., M.,
Huynh
K., L., A.,
Ngo
T., T.,
Le
H., N., M.,
Tran
H. P. N.
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations in Vietnamese patients with acute myocardial infarction and to investigate the relationship between high serum concentrations of lipoprotein(a) and major adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction.

Pain relief after maxillofacial surgery: efficacy in patients undergoing ultrasound-guided trigeminal nerve block – a randomized controlled trial
by Pham
M.,
Nguyen
D.,
Nguyen
A.,
Tran
T. T. P.
Summary: Pain management is a critical factor for successful surgical outcomes, as it enables patients to recover more quickly. Maxillofacial surgery is typically complex and requires appropriate pain relief methods. In this study, the use of ultrasound to guide the blocking of the trigeminal nerve was investigated.
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