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Reprogramming macrophages toward M1-like phenotypes in the breast cancer microenvironment using mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: A review
by Jumat
N., R.,
Yunus
M., A.,
Yahaya
B., H.,
Mohamed
R.
Summary: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide and is the type of cancer with the most frequent high mortality rate for women in 110 countries. Treatment methods offered can have both short- and long-term effects on mobility, function, and quality of life. Improvement in treatment is essential to increase the survival rate and life expectancy. Macrophages in the breast cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) are known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and are the most common leukocyte population in mammary cancer. TAMs exhibit a phenotype similar to that of M2-like macrophages and secrete a variety of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors, such as CCL2, CCL18, IL-10, VEGF, and PDGF, which are involved in cancer progression and metastasis and trigger drug resistance during cancer therapies. Hence, high infiltration of TAMs in breast cancer patients is closely associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated by various studies to modulate immunomodulatory responses and reprogramming of TAMs to M1-like macrophages. MSCs skew naĂŻve macrophages to a proinflammatory M1-like polarized state, which can alter the TME landscape. Hence, reprogramming TAMS to an M1-like phenotype with MSCs is a good strategy to enhance commonly used immunotherapies for the improvement of clinical outcomes among cancer patients. This present review discusses the potential of targeting TAMs by reprogramming macrophages using MSCs to increase antitumor responses in breast cancer.
Tualang honey-mediated silver nanoparticles attenuate hippocampal oxidative stress in kainic acid-induced male rats
by Hasim
H.,
Salam
S., K., N., M.,
Rao
P., V.,
Muthuraju
S.,
Asari
M. A.
Summary: Kainic acid (KA) has been widely used to study the mechanism of excitotoxicity-induced neurodegeneration and to investigate neurodegenerative therapeutic intervention. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Tualang honey-mediated silver nanoparticles (THSN) against oxidative stress in the hippocampus of KA-induced rats.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for wound healing: An update to 2022
by Huynh
P., D.,
Tran
Q., X.,
Nguyen
S., T.,
Nguyen
V., Q.,
Vu
N. B.
Summary: The skin is an organ that performs complex functions of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. It serves as the first physical barrier to protect the body from environmental factors. Skin also carries aesthetic value in people's desire for eternal youth. Skin lesions are often unwanted, causing open wounds that can be contagious or permit infection of the body, scars, skin aging, and loss of skin function, with long-term psychological consequences. The application of stem cell therapy based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is constantly developing in the field of skin regeneration, which is highly regarded as a therapy for patients suffering skin lesions from burns, deep wounds, cosmetic surgery, or genetic diseases. MSC therapy has shed light on groundbreaking treatments in immune, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative medicine, including for skin diseases. Additionally, the development of stem cells seems to limit skin aging. It is gradually becoming an integral technique at hospitals as a regular therapy for illness, as well as a cosmetic intervention. This review seeks to introduce the skin system and its related disorders; highlight the common characteristics and mechanisms of MSCs; and analyze updated clinical applications and experiments to date in MSC therapy for regenerative biomedicine and skin diseases.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Cancer: Success versus Limitations
by Sarder
A.,
Mia
M.,. B.,
Sarkar
A.,
Mandal
C.
Summary: The immune system possesses the capability to identify tumor cells and eradicate early malignant tumor cells. Thus, activating the immune system of cancer patients provides great therapeutic benefits. Inhibitory T-cell immune checkpoints play a vital role in tumor immune escape. Thus, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have attracted attention in cancer immunotherapy. In ICI therapy, the therapeutic targets are the expressed immune checkpoints of T cells. Immune checkpoints induce T-cell dysfunction in cancer. However, ICIs or immunomodulators restore the antitumor actions of cytotoxic T cells by blocking immune checkpoints. ICIs have become desirable treatment options because of their broad range of activities and response rates ranging from 15% to 90% in several cancer types. Generally, ICIs also have favorable toxicity profiles. This paper will first delve deeper into the best-known immune checkpoints and then review ICIs that are attractive treatment options in immunotherapy.
Case report of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
by Dung
L., V.,
Cuong
N., N.,
Hien
M., M.,
Linh
L., T.,
Luu
D., T.,
My
T.,-T., T.,
Duc
N. M.
Summary: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a chronic disease caused by the human papillomavirus and can affect both children and adults. Although it is a benign disease, papilloma growth can cause severe, sometimes life-threatening airway obstruction. We report the case of a 28-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital with a fever and prolonged cough. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed solid and cavitated nodules in his right lung and solid nodules on his vocal cords. Bronchoscopy demonstrated polypoid lesions on his vocal cords. Histopathological study of the lesions confirmed a diagnosis of respiratory papillomatosis.
Assessment of Immunological Responses - A Novel Challenge in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
by Shestakova
V.,
Klabukov
I.,
Baranovskii
D.,
Shegay
P.,
Kaprin
A.
Summary: The number of articles on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has increased dramatically in the last decade; however, the number of clinically implemented techniques remains small. Possible reasons include insufficient investigation of immune reactions on implanted tissue-engineered grafts and cells or a lack of consensus regarding which immunological tests must be performed to evaluate immunological responses. To provide an example of insufficiency in the assessment of immunological reactions, we analyzed three papers published between 2020 and 2021 and discussed the possibility of creating a standardized assay palette for the assessment of immunological responses in different types of implants.
Influence of loop permutation on immunostimulatory activities of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides forming monomeric guanine-quadruplex structures
by Tu
A., T., T.,
Hoshi
K.,
Yamazaki
T.
Summary: Existing research establishes the role of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing cytosine-phosphate-guanine motifs (CpG ODNs) as adjuvants to vaccines against infectious diseases. However, the natural structure of ODN with phosphodiester (PD) linkages is prone to degradation by serum DNase, which limits the application of CpG ODNs. We recently engineered a monomeric guanine-quadruplex (G4)-structured CpG ODN (G4 CpG ODN) and determined that the monomeric G4 increased the DNase resistance, intracellular uptake, and cytokine induction of CpG ODN in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect of the primary sequence on G4 conformation and function of G4 CpG ODN is unclear.
A review of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid arthritis: Their activation and the inhibition of their apoptosis
by Modak
D.,
Bhattacharjee
S.
Summary: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic, autoimmune, inflammatory disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration in the synovial tissues, and progressive destruction of cartilage and bones. This disease often leads to chronic disability. More recently, activation of synovial fibroblasts (SFs) has been linked to innate immune responses and several cellular signalingpathways that ultimately result in the aggressive and invasive stages of RA. SFs are the major sources of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RA synovium. They participate in maintaining the inflammatory state that leads to synovial hyperplasia and angiogenesis in the inflamed synovium. The altered apoptotic response of synovial and inflammatory cells has been connected to these alterations of inflamed synovium. RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) have the ability to inhibit several apoptotic proteins that cause their abnormal proliferation. This proliferation leads to synovial hyperplasia. Apoptotic pathway proteins have thus been identified as possible targets for modifying the pathophysiology of RA. This review summarizes current knowledge of SF activation and its roles in the inhibition of apoptosis in the synovium, which is involved in joint damage during the effector phase of RA development.
Simultaneous detection of 3 cancer foci with histological heterogeneity at 3 different anatomical sites: is it a consequence of the phenotypic plasticity of tumor cells?
by Hung
N.,
Dat
P.,ạm
Thanh
N.,
Minh
T.,
Huong
N.,
Luan
D.,
Mai
H.
Summary: The simultaneous (synchronous) detection of 3 primary tumors is rare in clinical practice. Recognizing and differentiating metastatic malignancies have always been challenging for clinicians and pathologists; however, treatment outcomes and prognoses highly depend on this recognition. Here, we used immunostaining and a new approach that, to our knowledge, few people know about based on an understanding of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), phenotypic plasticity, and the tumor microenvironment to reach a final diagnosis of multiple primary neoplasms.
Roles of hypoxia in tumor progression and novel strategies for cancer treatment
by Khan
B.,
Nhan
T., N., T.,
Chau
H., N., M.,
Nhi
N. T. Y.
Summary: The metabolic process of normal cells in general and of cancer cells in particular requires an important molecule—oxygen. In tumors, the oxygen level tends to decrease gradually from the outer layers to the central core, leading to a condition termed ``hypoxia.'' Changes in the oxygen level modify the signaling pathways and metabolic activities of cancer cells. Basically, tumor development is divided into three stages: initiation, promotion, and progression. Among them, the effects of hypoxia are most evident during tumor progression. In this review, we summarize previous findings on the mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced alterations in the expression of genes and proteins associated with hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which play a central role in the development of malignancy in many types of cancer. We also present the latest evidence on HIF-targeted cancer treatment that yields positive outcomes in vitro and in vivo.
Expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A cross-sectional study
by Anand
A.,
Raju
K.,
Rangappa
S.,
Sakalecha
A.
Summary: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Epithelial– mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a phenomenon related to carcinogenesis, which is characterized by morphological changes from neoplastic epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells, resulting in increased motility and invasiveness of neoplastic cells. To observe the expression of three EMT markers (cytokeratin 19 [CK1]), vimentin, and Ras homolog gene family member C [RhoC]) in individuals with a normal cervix, patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and determine the association with the histological grade and clinical/radiological stage of cervical cancer.
Recent findings on molecular alterations in IDH1, TP53, and CASP9 in gliomagenesis
by Pua
J., Y.,
Idris
Z.,
Yusoff
A., A.,
Patar
A.
Summary: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations have been the focus of glioma-related neuroscience research since the discovery of the gene in 2008. IDH1 has been identified as a key enzyme in cellular metabolism, epigenetic regulation, redox regulation, and DNA repair and is thought to be one of the most important factors in gliomagenesis. IDH1 mutations cause neomorphic activity, resulting in an increase in 2-hydroxyglutarate production and a decrease in NADPH production. Emerging research has identified IDH1 mutations in the vast majority of low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas, but these mutations are extremely uncommon in primary glioblastomas. Other genetic defects appear to play a significant role in glioma initiation and progression. In this study, we review recent findings on oncogenic alterations in IDH1, TP53, and CASP9 to identify any potential molecular correlations and interrelationships that lead to gliomagenesis. The roles and molecular interactions of these glioma-associated genes in gliomagenesis are elucidated. In addition, we highlight studies on stem cell modeling in glioma-associated genetic alterations that have been conducted over the past several decades.
Overview of the advantages and disadvantages of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in the tumor microenvironment
by Farooq
A.,
Abbasi
M.,
khawar
M.,
Sheikh
N.
Summary: T cells genetically modified to express a receptor that identifies a specific antigen, known as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have led to advancements in the treatment of hematological malignancies and the tumor microenvironment. CAR-T cells target the origin of tumors on the vascular side of inflammatory cytokines where the tumor microenvironment forms and block immunosuppressive checkpoints. The efficacy of CAR-T cell treatment remains controversial because its toxicity damages organ structures, including neurological, pulmonary, cardiac, and muscular structures, and causes fatal abnormality. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of CAR-T cell immunotherapy in the tumor microenvironment.
Association of the International Academy of Cytology category with the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System score in relation to the diagnostic accuracy for breast lumps
by Das
S.,
Raju
K.,
Tunuguntla
A.,
Sakalecha
A.,
Nadipanna
S.
Summary: Breast lumps are the commonest patient presentation in breast clinics. Initial diagnostic approaches, such as mammography and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), help in prompting proper preoperative diagnosis and planning management.
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Phuc Van Pham, Editor-in-Chief
Affiliation
Why publish with Biomedical Research and Therapy
Journal Information
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ISSN: 2198-4093
DOI Prefix: 10.15419
Indexed: Web of Science (ESCI, Clarivate Analytics), Embase (Elsevier), Google Scholar
Annual Journal Metrics
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Speed (Median)
19 days to first decision for all manuscripts
45 days from submission to acceptance
12 days from acceptance to publicationJournal Citation Indicator (JCI)
0.14 - Journal Citation Indicator (2021)Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Not yetAcceptance Rate
42.02%
Editor-in-Chief
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Phuc Van Pham, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Contact
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Editor-in-Chief: pvphuc@bmrat.org; pvphuc@vnuhcm.edu.vn
Support Team: support@bmrat.org; contact@bmrat.orgHandling Editor: vbngoc@bmrat.org
Managing Editor: managingeditor@bmrat.org
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